Hospital and community acquired infections, continue to be a threat to public health, causing
morbidities and mortalities. This survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of
Enterobacteriaceae in nosocomial and community acquired infections among adults in LAUTECH
Teaching Hospital in Osogbo southwestern Nigeria. Two hundred and forty isolates from General Out
Patient Department (GOPD) and two hundred and forty isolates from different wards (Surgical, Medical,
Gyneacological, Pediatric, Burn Unit and Ear, Nose and Throat wards) of the hospital were collected.
The bacterial strains were isolated from Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Urine, Pus, Ear swab, Blood, Sputum
and Pleural fluid. The isolates were identified on the basis of standard microbiological and biochemical
techniques as describe by Cowan and Steel. The incidence of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,
Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Enterobacter cloacae and Citrobacter freundii was studied
according to their distribution among different wards and nosocomial patients, specimens and age
groups of patients. Five genera belonging to the family of bacteria Enterobacteriaceae were isolated
from 240 community acquired infections and hospital acquired infections in different wards according
to different age groups in this study. E. coli were most frequent in all the specimens with 49.2 and
47.5% for urine samples in community acquired and nosocomial infection respectively. Nosocomial
infections are common with E. coli and K. pneumoniae causing a significant proportion of these
community acquired infections.