Abstract
Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited chronic hematological disorder, with inflammatory responses arising from
different pathways. Information is scarce about the levels of acute?phase reactants and essentials trace elements in HbSS Nigerian
children. Understanding of these will further elucidate the pathophysiology of SCD, which may assist in the proper management
of this condition in the pediatric population.
Aim: To measure the levels of acute?phase reactants (C?reactive protein [CRP], C1q, C4, ferritin and transferrin), trace elements
(Fe, Zn, Cu) and some hematological parameters in HbSS children < 5 years of age.
Materials and Methods: A total number of 26 consecutive steady state HbSS children below the age of 5 years was recruited for
the study. The same number of HbAA children was recruited as a control. Trace elements were determined with atomic absorption
spectrophotometer. C4, C1q and CRP were quantified using immunoplates, and full blood count analysis was done according
to standard hematological procedures.
Results: There were no significant differences between serum mean levels of Zn, Cu, Ferritin, C4, C1q, albumin and CRP in
steady state HbSS children compared to their HbAA counterparts. There was a significant increase in the level of serum iron in
steady state HbSS children compared to HbAA children. There was also a significant reduction in the serum level of transferrin
in steady state HbSS children compared to HbAA children. There were no significant differences between the white blood cell,
red blood cell, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular Hb concentration, platelets, lymphocytes, monocytes and
neutrophils in steady state HbSS children compared to their HbAA counterparts. However, there was a significant reduction in
the Hb concentration and hematocrit value in steady state HbSS children compared to HbAA children.
Conclusion: The study observes reduced inflammation in steady state HbSS children below the age of 5 years. It is recommended
that consumption of diets or use of iron containing drug by HbSS children be monitored to prevent iron overload.