Background: Viral biomarkers in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) could be a primary or secondary viral infection to PTB which may depressed
immunity or make the patient susceptible to the secondary infection. Aim and Objective: This work was, therefore, designed to determine
frequency of anti?hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B envelope
antibody (HBeAb), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?1 p24 in newly infected Mycobacterium PTB patients. Materials and Methods:
Sixty newly infected Mycobacterium tuberculosis patients were recruited from the medical outpatient Department of Baptist Medical
center, Saki?Nigeria. The patients were classified into females (30) and males (30) aged 38–79 years. M. tuberculosis was determined in
the patients through fluorescence immunoassay, cultivation of sputum sample on Löwentein–Jensen medium, and radiological chest X?ray
report. Anti?HCV, HBeAg, HBsAg HBeAb, and HIV?1 p24 were determined in the patients by immunochromatography and ELISA methods.
Results: The viral immunochemical pattern obtained in the newly infected PTB patients showed a frequency of: 5% (3) (males ? 3.3% [2]
and females ? 1.67% [1]) anti?HCV; 3.3% (2) (all males ? 3.3% [2]) HIV?1 ? p24; 15% (9) (males ? 3 [5%] and females ? 6 [10%]) HBsAg;
9 (15%) (males ? 5% [3] and females ? 10% [6]) HBeAg; 18.33% (11) (males ? 6.7% [4] and females ? 11.67% [7]) hepatitis B envelope (HBe)
antibody; 3.33% (2) (males ? 1.67%[1] and females ? 1.67% [1]) HBeAg + HBsAg + HIV?1 ? p24. Conclusion: This work revealed
evidence of anti?HCV; HIV?1 ? p24; HBsAg; HBeAg; and HBe antibody and HBeAg + HBsAg + HIV?1 ? p24 in newly infected pulmonary
M. tuberculosis?infected patients. Routine evaluation of viral biomarkers in PTB patients is necessary for effective management.